Eurema blanda

MORPHOLOGY

External characteristics

Male 
Forewing length (mm): 20 - 22 (Otsuka, Kazuhisa, 2001) . Wingspan (mm): 40 - 50 (Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 2022).
Forewings: The upper side wing surface has narrow black marginal borders and the ground-colour is lemon yellow. The forewing underside has three cell spots (Yata and Morishita, 1979). Hindwings The hindwing has evenly rounded termen (Yata and Morishita, 1979).

Female  
 

Subspecies and variation

 
Thirteen (Yata and Morishita, 1979) to Fifteen or sixteen (D'Abrera, 1982) subspecies are described, of which three subspecies are found in Philippines; D'Abrera (D'Abrera, 1982) suspects that ssp. moorei is same as ssp. grisea. Sexes of ssp. snelleni are similar, but the females are paler yellow. The females of ssp. vallivolans have heavy black margins on the hingwing underside, like ssp. odinia, but the forewing underside is same as with the males of typical blanda (D'Abrera, 1982). This species has geographical and seasonal variation. In the ssp. visellia, ssp. mensia and ssp. vallivolans, the black border on the forewing is often developed along the hind margin. Ssp. norbana has the black border on the forewing broadened and the border on the hindwing upper side becomes broader towards the anal angle. Ssp. sanapati is small, has elongated wings and an angular apex and is characteristically spotted on the underside wing surface (Yata and Morishita, 1979).

Similar species

Often confused with Eurema hecabe, but can be distinguished by the shape of its wings: the forewing of blanda is narrower than on hecabe and the hindwing is smoothly rounded at mid-termen, while the males of hecabe have a visibly protruding apex on the hindwing and angles at the mid-termen. Other differences are the presence of one extra cell-spot on the forewing upper side or narrower black margins on the underside wing surface, seen by blanda (D'Abrera, 1982).